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Wikipedia image of Pentheus being torn apart by two of The Bacchae |
Euripides' Pentheus characterizes hubris in the classic Greek tragedy, The Bacchae. I've never considered the play to be sad only tragic, here's why.
Human beings, men and women, educated or not, continue to ignore their hubris--in simplified terms "pride." Whether they achieve greatness or not, humans instinctively believe that in the course of overwhelming obstacles they know what's best, even when told their tactics will eventually result in their demise.
No one is immune to hubris. This optimistic cynic has to tussle with her instinct to embrace cynicism and deny optimism on a daily basis. I'm sure I'm speaking in behalf of many people who face the same temptation. Politics, religion, medicine, environment and daily strife push us to the edge where we wish to raise our voices in anger and knock down the walls that keep us from living contented lives. And that's the problem: our pride, and modern media, lead us to believe we deserve to live an easier life especially as we age, an idyllic existence.
Pentheus, Euripides protagonist, sees the world as his manufactured oyster. Self-delusion also haunts Pentheus. He wants to taste the bitterness (war) and ignore the sweetness (love). Yet, anyone who lives near fresh oyster beds and gets to slurp the delectable bi-valve knows that oysters come in a wide variety to tempt the palate, degrees of sweetness to bitterness. Here on Cape Cod, the prized Wellfleet oysters taste differently depending on where they've been cultivated. If you attend Oysterfest, a yearly October tradition in Wellfleet, and sample oysters offered by different shellfishermen (and women) you will indeed taste the differences. No one can guarantee that their oyster will satisfy you. And that's the rub.
The Cape, and much of New England, sometimes reminds me of the Old West. Long time Yankees (not the team, this is Red Sox nation) "pride" themselves on being rugged individuals who can stand on their own and live their lives without depending on others. A sense of community does exist, sprinkled here and there, men and women willing to give back and help those in need. Yet, like the lone protagonists we find shouting out their defiance, especially on the national political stage, we have individuals here who strut their self-reliance and how they don't need anyone. These humans' overconfidence have undermined not only their own existence but also their family's, friend's and so on. How can this be?
Yes, free spirits have floated around since the rise of homo sapiens. From the ones that we know of in history made significant contributions, Alexander Humboldt or Emily Dickinson, to those who destroyed the people around them, Attila the Hun or Benito Mussolini. Whether they be past presidents or subsequent global leaders, if these men or women are unable to listen to others, to hear the voices of their people or in a micro example, heed advice from loved ones, especially when their world is falling apart, then their self-destruction will affect everyone around them.
Euripides, warns us in the The Bacchae I. 480: “Talk sense to a fool and he calls you foolish." Or it's variant translation (which I prefer): "To the fool, he who speaks wisdom will sound foolish."
Life for any human being will never satisfy regularly. The misconception that wealth, power, fame will solve our own fallacies continues to assert itself in our precarious world. And if, like Pentheus, we believe that we can prevail on our own without help from others or we can be citizens of the world without contributing to its future, its community, we too will be ripped apart by our own hubris.